圖書引進“引”出版權糾紛

《東洋的近世(shi)》與(yu)《東洋的古(gu)代》是日本史(shi)學家宮崎市定的兩(liang)部代表性作品，在(zai)史(shi)學界有著廣(guang)泛的影響(xiang)力，不(bu)過近期北京楚塵文化(hua)傳媒(mei)有限(xian)公司（下稱(cheng)楚塵文化(hua)）與(yu)上海古(gu)籍出版社卻因這兩(liang)部作品產生(sheng)了(le)版權糾紛(fen)。

8月(yue)(yue)17日，自稱2017年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)獲得(de)上(shang)(shang)述(shu)兩部作品中文(wen)簡體版(ban)(ban)翻(fan)譯(yi)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)權的楚(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)化在微(wei)信公眾號上(shang)(shang)發文(wen)《上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)籍(ji)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社，我們想和你談談》，指出(chu)(chu)上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)籍(ji)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社今年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)的《宮崎市(shi)(shi)定亞洲(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)》（十卷本(ben)）中的單(dan)冊《02東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)的近世》和《06東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)的古(gu)代(dai)》兩本(ben)書的內(nei)容與楚(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)化的單(dan)行本(ben)《東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)的近世》《東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)的古(gu)代(dai)》有(you)大量重(zhong)合(he)，涉嫌(xian)構成侵權。對此(ci)，上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)籍(ji)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社予以否(fou)認，表示(shi)其(qi)早已獲得(de)《宮崎市(shi)(shi)定亞洲(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)》翻(fan)譯(yi)、出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)的授(shou)權，并于2017年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)發行了《宮崎市(shi)(shi)定亞洲(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)》中譯(yi)本(ben)，而楚(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)化于今年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)推出(chu)(chu)的《東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)的古(gu)代(dai)》《東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)的近世》中譯(yi)本(ben)內(nei)容與上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)籍(ji)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社譯(yi)本(ben)內(nei)容高度重(zhong)合(he)，涉嫌(xian)侵犯其(qi)譯(yi)本(ben)版(ban)(ban)權。

目前該起糾紛尚無(wu)定論，不過，這(zhe)起版(ban)權(quan)糾紛事(shi)件也給業界敲響了警鐘：引進外(wai)文(wen)圖(tu)書(shu)時，出(chu)版(ban)社需重視(shi)版(ban)權(quan)授權(quan)問(wen)題(ti)，只有妥善解決圖(tu)書(shu)版(ban)權(quan)問(wen)題(ti)，才可能防(fang)范版(ban)權(quan)侵權(quan)風險。

引發版權紛爭

楚(chu)塵文(wen)化(hua)在(zai)(zai)上文(wen)中提供了一(yi)些證(zheng)據：一(yi)是根據外版(ban)書(shu)(shu)引進的(de)(de)慣例，出(chu)于(yu)對原(yuan)版(ban)著(zhu)作(zuo)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)尊重(zhong)，外方權(quan)(quan)利人(ren)會在(zai)(zai)授(shou)權(quan)(quan)合同中要求中方出(chu)版(ban)社在(zai)(zai)中文(wen)版(ban)的(de)(de)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)頁附(fu)上原(yuan)版(ban)書(shu)(shu)作(zuo)者及出(chu)版(ban)社等相(xiang)關信息(xi)的(de)(de)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)聲明(ming)。但是，楚(chu)塵文(wen)化(hua)發(fa)現，上海古籍(ji)出(chu)版(ban)社2017年(nian)8月出(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)《宮(gong)崎(qi)市定亞洲史(shi)論(lun)考》（三卷(juan)本(ben)）和(he)今年(nian)出(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)10冊(ce)單行本(ben)的(de)(de)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)頁上都沒有(you)任何關于(yu)原(yuan)版(ban)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)聲明(ming)。二是關于(yu)專(zhuan)有(you)翻譯出(chu)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)， 按照楚(chu)塵文(wen)化(hua)與中央(yang)公論(lun)新社簽訂的(de)(de)授(shou)權(quan)(quan)合同，楚(chu)塵文(wen)化(hua)擁有(you)《東洋的(de)(de)近(jin)世》和(he)《東洋的(de)(de)古代》這兩(liang)本(ben)書(shu)(shu)作(zuo)為單行本(ben)在(zai)(zai)中國(guo)大(da)(da)陸(lu)地區的(de)(de)獨家出(chu)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)，包括翻譯、印刷、出(chu)版(ban)、發(fa)行權(quan)(quan)，有(you)權(quan)(quan)并且有(you)義務保護這兩(liang)本(ben)書(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)中國(guo)大(da)(da)陸(lu)地區的(de)(de)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)不受侵(qin)犯。2017年(nian)11月14日，宮(gong)崎(qi)市定作(zuo)品的(de)(de)版(ban)權(quan)(quan)所有(you)人(ren)宮(gong)崎(qi)一(yi)枝給楚(chu)塵文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)授(shou)權(quan)(quan)書(shu)(shu)已證(zheng)明(ming)楚(chu)塵文(wen)化(hua)獲得授(shou)權(quan)(quan)。

對于楚塵文化發布(bu)的(de)聲明(ming)，上海古(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社回(hui)應稱，其早(zao)已獲得(de)《宮(gong)崎(qi)市定(ding)亞洲(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)(kao)》翻譯、出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)的(de)授權(quan)(quan)。根據相關授權(quan)(quan)書(shu)內容(rong)，《宮(gong)崎(qi)市定(ding)亞洲(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)(kao)》版(ban)(ban)權(quan)(quan)由宮(gong)崎(qi)一枝全權(quan)(quan)委托礪波護教授，礪波護教授又將中(zhong)文翻譯及(ji)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)的(de)全部權(quan)(quan)限授予上海古(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社，并言明(ming)所據為朝日新聞(wen)社出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)之版(ban)(ban)本。同(tong)時，上海古(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社在2016年11月(yue)就已通過博達著作權(quan)(quan)代(dai)理公(gong)司向中(zhong)央公(gong)論(lun)(lun)新社回(hui)復過該社擁有相關版(ban)(ban)權(quan)(quan)的(de)事實(shi)。此外，上海古(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)社在取(qu)得(de)原(yuan)版(ban)(ban)授權(quan)(quan)后(hou)即聯系譯者，譯成此書(shu)，2017年8月(yue)，《宮(gong)崎(qi)市定(ding)亞洲(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)(kao)》中(zhong)譯本出(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)發行。

對此，楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化回擊，稱(cheng)今(jin)(jin)年(nian)6月(yue)底，楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化發現上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)計劃出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)《東(dong)洋(yang)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)代》和《東(dong)洋(yang)的(de)(de)(de)近世》單(dan)行本(ben)時，就(jiu)(jiu)已及(ji)時向版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權(quan)方確認(ren)授(shou)權(quan)事(shi)宜。權(quan)利(li)人宮崎(qi)一(yi)(yi)枝于今(jin)(jin)年(nian)8月(yue)16日(ri)給(gei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化發來授(shou)權(quan)確認(ren)函和委(wei)(wei)托書(shu)(shu)，確認(ren)從未(wei)授(shou)權(quan)上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)以任(ren)何(he)形式出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)《宮崎(qi)市定亞洲(zhou)(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)》一(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)簡體中文(wen)(wen)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，并委(wei)(wei)托楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化按照獨家(jia)(jia)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)授(shou)權(quan)合(he)同的(de)(de)(de)規定，采取一(yi)(yi)切手段(duan)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)權(quan)利(li)。并且(qie)，礪(li)波護(hu)(hu)(hu)教授(shou)于今(jin)(jin)年(nian)8月(yue)27日(ri)給(gei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化發來其個人聲(sheng)明和委(wei)(wei)任(ren)狀，確認(ren)其“從未(wei)同上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)簽訂與《宮崎(qi)市定亞洲(zhou)(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)》相關的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)合(he)同，且(qie)從未(wei)收到相關的(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稅款(kuan)項”，也支持楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)獨家(jia)(jia)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權(quan)利(li)。因此，上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)聲(sheng)稱(cheng)事(shi)先獲得(de)(de)礪(li)波護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)授(shou)權(quan)至今(jin)(jin)依然存疑。針對上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化對其譯(yi)(yi)(yi)本(ben)造成侵權(quan)，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)相關規定，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)邀請(qing)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)者翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)引進(jin)圖書(shu)(shu)，必(bi)須取得(de)(de)外(wai)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)授(shou)權(quan)，而(er)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)宮崎(qi)一(yi)(yi)枝確認(ren)，上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)沒有取得(de)(de)《宮崎(qi)市定亞洲(zhou)(zhou)史(shi)論(lun)(lun)考(kao)》的(de)(de)(de)翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)授(shou)權(quan)，因此上(shang)(shang)海古(gu)(gu)籍出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)主張的(de)(de)(de)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權(quan)無效(xiao)，而(er)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)文(wen)(wen)化就(jiu)(jiu)《東(dong)洋(yang)的(de)(de)(de)近世》《東(dong)洋(yang)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)代》與譯(yi)(yi)(yi)者簽訂的(de)(de)(de)翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)同合(he)法有效(xiao)。

楚(chu)塵文化(hua)版(ban)權部(bu)有關負責人在接受中(zhong)國知識產權報(bao)記(ji)(ji)者(zhe)采(cai)訪(fang)時表(biao)示，上(shang)海古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)社于近日(ri)回復楚(chu)塵文化(hua)同(tong)意下架涉案圖書(shu)，但截至9月5日(ri)仍有店家(jia)在售賣(mai)涉案圖書(shu)。記(ji)(ji)者(zhe)聯系采(cai)訪(fang)上(shang)海古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)社，但截至記(ji)(ji)者(zhe)發稿，尚未收(shou)到回復。

規范版權引進

上海(hai)古(gu)籍出版(ban)社和楚塵文化之間的糾紛焦(jiao)點是外文圖書(shu)引入中國市場時(shi)如何進(jin)行規范授(shou)權，涉及同一內(nei)容的外文圖書(shu)有不同版(ban)本時(shi)，誰有權許可(ke)對該內(nei)容進(jin)行翻譯，并授(shou)權發(fa)行該作品的翻譯版(ban)本，以及出版(ban)社如何規范處理(li)外文圖書(shu)版(ban)權信(xin)息。

對此(ci)，清華大學深(shen)圳研究生院副教授何(he)雋在接受本報記(ji)者(zhe)采訪時表示，首先，出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社在引進海外(wai)(wai)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)時，必須(xu)(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)到重復(fu)授權的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，存在一些圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)內容(rong)和目錄相同(tong)(tong)，但是(shi)書(shu)(shu)名(ming)、出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，甚至(zhi)于(yu)署(shu)名(ming)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)也可(ke)能存在不(bu)一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，這時必須(xu)(xu)調查清楚(chu)誰(shui)是(shi)該(gai)內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)正權利人(ren)(ren)。其(qi)次(ci)，要重視在中文翻(fan)譯圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權頁上(shang)規范標注(zhu)外(wai)(wai)文圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權信息。按照出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范化要求(qiu)，翻(fan)譯圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權頁需要注(zhu)明(ming)原版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)外(wai)(wai)文圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權聲明(ming)或版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權信息，通常包括外(wai)(wai)文圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)名(ming)、作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)名(ming)、版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權歸屬(shu)、外(wai)(wai)文圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)在中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權登記(ji)信息，如(ru)著作(zuo)(zuo)權合同(tong)(tong)登記(ji)號。因此(ci)，海外(wai)(wai)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)引入中國(guo)，專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權代(dai)理(li)不(bu)可(ke)缺少，可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)理(li)機(ji)構，也可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權代(dai)理(li)人(ren)(ren)。著作(zuo)(zuo)權人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)其(qi)享(xiang)有權利的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)委托給代(dai)理(li)人(ren)(ren)，由版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)權代(dai)理(li)提(ti)供專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化、規范化的(de)(de)(de)(de)服務。

國華羨林（北京）文化發展有限公司總經理、季羨林獨家版權代理人王佩芬有著豐富的圖書版權代理經驗，其在接受本報記者采訪時也認為，外文圖書版權引進必須予以規范，需注意以下兩個方面：一是要找到真正的權利人，獲得許可；二是翻譯、出版的許可要簽訂書面協議，后者可以做廣義的理解，往來的短信、微信、郵件、書信等都可以在關鍵的時候發揮證明作用。規范版權引進行為，不僅可以保護自己的權利，降低商業風險，還可以減少糾紛。

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